Thuɔŋjäŋ (Dinka) Perfect verb tense is used to show an action that is complete and finished, and this tense is expressed by adding one of the auxiliary verbs — aacï/cï/cïk = have, acï = has, or cï/aacï/acï = had to the past participle form of the main verb.

1. Ɣɔn ye cï ɣɔk raak, go lɔ baai le rääk= and when he had milked the cows, he went home to initiated (Past perfect tense).
2. Röth thii eke cï rääk = the young men had been initiated. (Past perfect tense).
3. Kɔc eke cï rääk = the people had been initiated (past perfect tense).
4. Gokï cuɔ̈k le rääk = But they would not initiate (past perfect tense).
5. Röth thii aake cï keek rääk në pɛ̈i kee diäk = The young men have been initiating for three months (present perfect progressive)
6. Diäär aacï mïïthken juiir = the women have prepared their dinner (Present perfect tense).
7. Yen acï miɛ̈thde juiir = She has prepared her dinner (Present perfect tense).
8. Keek ee të cïk juiir thɛɛr = they would have prepared long ago (Present perfect tense).
9. Wën ye cï cuïn thaal, go töny puɔth = and when she had cooked food, she dropped the pot (Past perfect tense).
10. Na ye cï ye lööm, go miɛ̈th thaal= and when she had taken it, she cooked the dinner. (Past perfect tense).

Thuɔŋjäŋ some of the tenses to use in writing and speaking. 

Simple present tense

1 Aya luel = I say
2 Ayï luel = you say
3 Ayeku luel = we say
4 Ayekɛ̈ luel = they say
5 Yen aye luel = He says
6 Yen aye = She says

Present participle tense

1 Ɣɛn aca lueel = I have said
2 Yïn aca lueel = you have said
3 Wuɔɔk acuu lueel = we have said
4 Keek acï lueel = they have said
5 Yen acï lueel = He has said
6 Yen acï lueel = She has said

 Present continuous tense

Aluɛɛl = I’m saying
Yïn aluel = You are saying
Aluelku = We are saying
Aluelkɛ̈ = They are saying
Yen alueel = He is saying
Yen alueel = She is saying

Present perfect continuous tense

Aca dac lueel = I have been saying
Yïn aca dac lueel = You have been saying
Acuu dac lueel = We have been saying
Keek acïk dac lueel = They have been saying
Yen acï dac lueel = He has been saying
Yen acï dac lueel = She has been saying

 Past

Simple past tense

1. Aca lueel = I said
2. Aca lueel = You said
3. Acuu lueel= We said
4. Keek acëlueel = They said
5. Yen acëlueel =He said
6. Yen acëlueel = She said

Past participle tense

1. Ɣɛn aca lueel = I had said
2. Yïn aca lueel = You had said
3. Wuɔɔk acuu lueel = We had said
4. Keek aacï lueel = They had said
5. Yen acï lueel = He had said
6. Yen acï lueel = She had said

Past perfect continuous

1 E ca dac lueel = I had been saying
2. Yïn eca dac lueel =You had been saying
3. E cuu dac lueel =We had been saying
4. Keek ecï dac lueel = They had been saying
5. Yen ecï dac lueel = He had been saying
6. Yen ecï dac lueel = She had been saying

 Future continuous

1. Ɣɛn aba ya lueel = I will be saying
2. Yïn aba ya lueel = You will be saying
3. Wuɔɔk abuk ya lueel =We will be saying
4. Keek abïk ya lueel = They will be saying
5. Yen abï ya lueel = He will be saying
6. Yen abï ya lueel = She will be saying

 Proverbs to digest in your own language =  Kɛ̈ɛ̈ŋ ke Thoŋdu bï ke rɔt miɛ̈ɛ̈th në keek në nyindhiɛ. 

1. Miɔ̈c ee kë de Nhialic.
2. Nhiɛ̈ɛ̈r ace puɔ̈k kennë dɔ̈ɔ̈r, aaye cath në tök.
3. Riɛ̈nythii aye theek në riɛrde, ku louë-nhom ee dhëëŋ ë raandït.
4. Thɔ̈nnë rɔt Nhialic në ka kuun ye keek tak, yennëka bïk keek röth nyic looi
5. Tiŋ ye atët acïi deŋ ɣönde ye pikic ku mïthke aacïï yuiir keek ye nɔ̈k.
6. Tiŋ ye moc luɔ̈i ciɛɛu baai, acït ɣön ye kuëër.
7. Paan rɛɛcë moc baai, acït luaŋ nɔŋic thök cïn thok thïïk.
8. Muɔ̈th ye yïn gɔ̈k, yen anhiar yïn.
9. Wɛ̈ɛ̈të mɛnhdu bë dït ke cïn riɔ̈ɔ̈c, ku na pɛ̈l ke cï wëët, ke ka ca kuɔny cök në thouic.
10. Nhom ye tak, acït gun cï tääuic miök.

Thandeei ke luɔɔi = Sundays 

1. Bɛ̈n (N) = Advent
2. Dhiɛ̈ɛ̈th = Christmas
3. Nyooth = Epiphany
4. Thïïl = Lent (V) =
5. Wik lɔjik (N Holy Week 
6. Jönrɔt (N) = Easter
7. kööldiäŋdït/ aköl thiɛ̈ɛ̈r diëc = Pentecost

 

The ten most vital organs of the Body Essential to Human Life in Thuɔŋjäŋ!
Singular 
1. Dɛ̈l = Skin
2. Nyith = Brain
3. Piɔ̈u = Heart
4. Ro/Rok = Kidney
5. Cuɛ̈ny = Liver
6. Tak = Pancreas
7. Yäc = Stomach
8. Cïïn thii = Small intestine
9. Cïin dït = Large intestine
10. Gɔ̈yɔ̈k = Lung

The ten most vital organs of the Body Essential to Human Life in Thuɔŋjäŋ!

Plural

1. Dël = Skins
2. Nyith = Brains
3. Piɔ̈ɔ̈th = Hearts
4. Ruɔk = Kidneys
5. Cuäny = Livers
6. Täk = Pancreases   
7. Yäc = Stomachs
8. Cïn thii = Small intestines
9. Cïn dït = Large intestines
10. Gɔ̈yɔ̈ɔ̈k = Lungs

Wёl jöt ke Thuɔŋjäŋ = The Thoungjang new vocabulary

Abïny: Ee kë yennë tɔk, ku ka ayennë gɛm në pïu.
Abɛ̈ɛ̈r: Aaye rɛp wën ye luɔk të cenë aruäth tem.
Acuutnhïïm: Aaye dëël ci keek ya tɛɛm nhïïm piny ka cï nhïïm cop.
Adhäth: e cuïn de dhuk ye thaal në koth në dhïn yɔu wutic.
Akok: e kë ye muɔnyjäŋ rɛp ke tem ruɛ̈r ku ka yenë kuany ë thɔ̈u muɔi.
Akɔη: Aaye rɛp wën ye kan luɔk tueη ke raap ŋoot, ku ke kë tueŋ.
Akɔiyɔ: Ee wäl ye cil yalthok/baai thok.
Alɛl: Ee tän tiäi tɔ̈ në dhïn thok ka tiäi lääu në wut thok yenë
Alɔ̈ɔ̈k: Ee noon thïn ë nhom mayen ku le nhom potpot ku keek cil ruëër.
Anuaan: ka anuɛɛn (të juëc keek): e kë dhal raan ka kɔc.
Apiöök: Eetuŋ akɔ̈ɔ̈n ye ceŋ në kɔc kök ke ye kёde dhёёη/dhuëŋ.
Apɛlrääk/Alɔ̈knhïïm/Aparaak: Aaye röthi wën cï keek rääk ku cïï ber ya luui në ka ke mïth.
Aŋul: Aaye rɛp ye keek puur/com të cï aboor bɛ̈n ku tё ci piny dëu.
Ariɛɛm: Ee të cï tooc dëu ku jɔl aguɔt/aruɔr riɛr keka jɔl ɣɔ̈k riaam.
Aruäth: Aaye rɛp ye keek com këër ku lokkɛ̈ ruёr.
Atёtooŋ: Aaye raap ka anyol cï keek geet ku jal kë toŋ.
Atɔ̈rɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ: Aaye ŋeei ke cuïn cï döŋ ke kee dït nyïïn
Atolooŋ: ee bë raan rɔt wëŋ ye nɔŋ kë looi ka kë nἕk yen.
Atorooŋ: aaye tiim cï keek guaŋ ku benë keek ya töök në roŋ ke thɔ̈u.
Atɛ̈ny: Ee kë cuëëc në nyiɛth ku ka yennë cuïn laath.
Awuɔ̈l: Ee wɛ̈ɛ̈r dïït ye deŋ këëric ku ka yennë kɔc ku Ɣɔ̈k dek thïn muɔ̈i.
Awuro: Ee cuïn cï waac, Ka Cuïn ci wuur ku jɔl wac.
Ayiɛl: Ee kool de rau ye nyaai të kɔ̈ɔ̈më rap.
Ayiɛ̈ɛ̈r: Ee abïk ye piɔ̈k bei në rap kɔ̈ɔ̈th.
Biɔɔŋ: Ee biɔ̈ŋ ëye ceŋ thɛɛr ke ye alaath.
Cuiriith: aaye tiim thoi kɔ̈ɔ̈th cï riɛl.
Cuɛɛl: Ee yuïn cï yïïr në biɔ̈ŋ de woη/ weŋ ku benë woη/ weŋ ya mac.
Dhɔ̈lciɛ̈ɛ̈th: Aaye dhɔ̈l ye raan ëbɛ̈n kee tëëk/war.
Dhuŋbaai: Ee raan kën këdɛ̈ detic.
Dhuŋwut: Ee raan pelnyin/nyic käŋ
Ducum: Ee tim yenë com në rap.
Göröŋ (Görööŋ të juiëc keek): Ee kë ye muɔnyjäŋ rɛp ke tɔ̈u thïn muɔ̈i.
Juilik: Ee waan de nyuɔ̈m wën yen në nyin de nyuɔ̈m luɔk në ye kɔ̈u.
Kёŋ (këëŋ të yen tök): aaye tiim ye keek wɛɛi piny ɣöt thok ku jɛ̈lë ke ɣöt gäär.
Kɛɛu: Ee län tɔ̈ roor ku ke guɔp mayen cï Mande lɔ̈ɔ̈c ku yennë ka dït nё lɔ̈ɔ̈c.
Kɔmjuilik: Ee kömyöi de nyuɔ̈m.
Kömyööi: Ee (pät) pän ё roŋ ё thɔ̈I ka pän de tɔŋpiiny.
Kör: Ee dhïn thin ye tɔη nё thïndït kɔ̈u ku ka yenë miɔ̈ɔ̈r mac në ye kɔ̈u.
Luuŋ: ee adiit, adin ye ceŋ në kɔc cin.
Lɔ̈ɔ̈m: Ee yuɔɔm de lɔ̈m de woŋ yennë ka ye lööm bennë lauk ya kutic. Në luak acie kutic në wɛ̈c.
Mayɔm: Ee wäl ye dek të ci aɣaarnhom/ maläria raan dɔm.
Miɔ̈th: Ee noon ye ruath piiny në wut thok ku ka ril arëtic ace kɔ̈u ye dac tuɛny.
Nuak/Nuaŋ akɔcɔk: E timkë yennë kɔcɔk dök.
Pëm: Ee kän ye wɛc piny domyic bïnë dit ya tiit.
Piɔ̈ɔ̈t: Ee tim yennë piɛ̈ɛ̈t në lɔ̈ɔ̈i kee ɣɔ̈k wutic ku luak.
Puɔ̈t: Ee noon ye cil keek dït kɔ̈u në non yiic ku ke ŋuäc ke nyïr
Raaudiit: Ee noon ye cil në pulic ruëër ke cït man de raau ku ka ye dit cam.
Radεε: Ee kë yenë nyum yïk në ye kɔ̈u ku bi keek riɛr thin.
Rɔ̈i yääth: Aaye rɔ̈i ke thɔ̈u ëke piɔc keek cäp.
Tïït: Ee Tim tɔ̈ roor yennë piɔ̈nh de dek ke ye wäl de aɣaarnhom/maläria.
Tɔ̈r: Ee noon dɛ̈ ye cil ke rir ku nhom de aye looi kee ye wɛ̈c yennё piny wec.
Wacaai: aaye rɔ̈i ke thɔ̈i ka rɔ̈i ke akan cï waac.
Wuɔ̈ɔ̈m: Ee wɛ̈r ka piɔu de woŋ/weŋ cï dëu ku jɔl döη ke ye arop lɔyic roηroη.

 

 

Taming of tong! JAKOB 3:1-18(James 3:1-18)

1 Wätmɛ̈thciɛ̈, duɔ̈kɛ̈ röth cɔk ye dupiööc juëc. Muɔ̈kɛ̈ ë wenhïïm ke wɔ wɔ dupiööc bï luk në luŋ rir. 2 Wɔ ya kajuëc wuɔ̈ɔ̈c wɔdhiɛ, ku ran cie wuɔ̈c në yethok ee ye ran lɔjik; ku kalëu yeguɔ̈p në dök ëbɛ̈n apiath. 3 Wɔ ye luŋ de dök tääu në ajɔ̈ŋköör thok, bï ke ya cɔk gam wɔ, yennëka ye wɔ guɔ̈pden dɔk ëbɛ̈n. 4 Ŋɛ̈mkɛ̈ riäth ëya; në ke cak dït, ku kuath ke në yom dït, e kaye dɔk në luŋ thin de dök, të kɔr mëdök ben ke tɛ̈ɛ̈k thïn. 5 Yen liep ee kethin de guɔ̈p, ku kee rɔt leec në luɔi dïïtde. Ŋɛ̈mkɛ̈, roŋ dït aye cuäny në many thi! 6 Ku liep ee mac: ku kee kerɛ̈ɛ̈c ye piny thiɔ̈ɔ̈ŋ nom në kakuɔ yic, ee guɔ̈p ëbɛ̈n cɔk col, ku ye ka cïke cak cuäny në mac, many ye thɔ̈ɔ̈c në giɛna. 7 Kuan de lɛ̈i ëbɛ̈n, ku diɛt, ku ka mol, ku ka tɔ̈ bɛɛr, aa lëuke në mäc, ku kaaye mac në raan; 8 ku kacïn ran lëu liep në mäc; ee kerɛ̈ɛ̈c cie dak, cï thiäŋ në yuïrï de thou. 9 Yennëka ye wɔ Bɛ̈nydït ku Wun leec; ku yennëka ye wɔ kɔc cieen, kek ke man cïke cak e ke cït Nhialic: 10 lɛc ku ciɛ̈n aye bɛ̈n bei në thoŋ tökic. Wätmɛ̈thciɛ̈, kee kakɛ̈ acï bï dhiɛl yenya. 11 Ye awaŋgaak pïu mit ku pïu kec cɔk kuëër bei në thoŋ tök — 12 Wätmɛ̈thciɛ̈, lëu ŋaap luɔk ke ye olip, ka lëu abiei luɔk ke ye ŋaap — Yen acïn awaŋgaak lëu pïu piath në bïï kennë pïu ke awai

Two kinds of wisdom

13 Yeŋa ye ran nyic käŋ ku ye käŋ muk në weyic — Në ye luɔɔide nyuɔɔth në pïïr piɛthde, luɔɔi de piɔ̈n lir de nyïny ë käŋ. 14 Na yakɛ̈ naŋ tiɛɛl de kɛc de piɔ̈u ku ater në wepiɔ̈ɔ̈th, ke we duɔkɛ̈ röth ye leec, ku duɔ̈kɛ̈ yic ye cɔk ye lueth. 15 Yenyïnyë acie bɛ̈n nhial; ee kë piiny, ku kee kë de guɔ̈p, ku ye kë de jak rac. 16 Të tɔ̈ yï tiɛɛl kennë ater yennëka ye nom liääp tɔ̈ thïn ku luɔi rac ëbɛ̈n. 17 Nyïny ye bɛ̈n nhial ee kan lɔcar, ku ber ya tɔ̈ ke dɔ̈ɔ̈r, ku ye lɔcäi, ku ye dac gam, thiɛ̈ŋ në käc de piɔ̈u ku luɔi piath, cïï biäk ye maan ku nhiɛɛr biäk, cïn adhuɔɔm. 18 Të ye kɔc ye kɔc määt dɔ̈ɔ̈r pok, e kaa ye luɔɔi lɔjik tem.

Some conjugation of winnowing in sentences, mostly the word winnowing is both noun and a verb. 
1. Diäär aaye rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the women winnow the sorghums in the courtyard (Simple present Tense).
2. Tik ee rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the woman winnows the sorghums in the courtyard (Simple present Tense).
3. Diäär aa rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the women winnowed the sorghums in the courtyard (Simple Past Tense).
4. Ttik a yuiu rap në baaiciɛlic= the woman is winnowing the sorghums in the courtyard (Present continuous tense).
5. Tik acï rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the woman has winnowed the sorghums in the courtyard (Perfect present tense).
6. Tik acï rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic = the woman had winnowed the sorghums in the courtyard (Perfect Past Tense).
7. Diäär aa yuiu rap në baaiciɛlic= the women are winnowing the sorghums in the courtyard (present continuous tense).
8. Diäär aacï rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the women have winnowed the sorghums in the courtyard (perfect present Tense).
9. Diäär aabï rap yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the women will winnow the sorghums in the courtyard (Simple Future Tense).
10. Diäär aabï rap ya yuiiu në baaiciɛlic= the women will be winnowing the sorghums in the courtyard (Future continuous Tense).

The conjugation of build

Simple Past Tense
1. Ɣɛn cï ɣööt yïk = I built the houses.
2. Yïn cï ɣööt yïk = you built the houses (singular).
3. Wɔ cï ɣööt yïk = We built the houses.
4. We cï ɣööt yïk = you built the houses (plural).
5. Keek aacï ɣööt yïk = they built the houses.
6. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = He built the houses.
7. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = She built the houses.

Past Continuous Tense
1. Ɣɛn ee yïk ɣööt = I was building the houses.
2. Yïn ee yïk ɣööt = you were building the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ kaake yïk ɣööt = we were building the houses.
4. We kaake yïk ɣööt = You were building the houses (plural).
5. Keek kaake yïk ɣööt = they were building the houses.
6. Yen ee yïk ɣööt = He was building the houses.
7. Yen ee yïk ɣööt = She was building the houses.

Past Perfect Tense
1. Ɣɛn cï ɣööt yïk = I had built the houses.
2. Yïn cï ɣööt yïk = you had built the houses (singular).
3. Wɔ cï ɣööt yïk = We had built the houses.
4. We cï ɣööt yïk = you had built the houses (plural).
5. Keek aacï ɣööt yïk = they had built the houses.
6. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = He had built the houses.
7. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = She had built the houses.

Past Perfect Continuous Tense
1. Ɣɛn cï ɣööt yïk = I had been building the houses.
2. Yïn cï ɣööt yïk = you had been building the houses (singular).
3. Wɔ cï ɣööt yïk = we had been building the houses.
4. We cï ɣööt yïk = you had been building the houses (plural).
5. Keek aacï ɣööt yïk = they had been building the houses.
6. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = He had been building the houses.
7. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = She had been building the houses.

Simple Present Tense (Indefinite)
1. Ɣɛn ye ɣööt yïk = I build the houses.
2. Yïn ye ɣööt yïk = you build the houses (singular).
3. Wɔ ye ɣööt yïk = we build the houses.
4. We ye ɣööt yïk = you build the houses (plural).
5. Keek aaye ɣööt yïk = they build the houses.
6. Yen ee ɣööt yïk = He builds the houses.
7. Yen ee ɣööt yïk = She builds the houses.

Present Continuous Tense
1. Ɣɛn yïk ɣööt = I am building the houses.
2. Yïn yïk ɣööt = you are building the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ yïk ɣööt = we are building the houses.
4. We yïk ɣööt = you are building the houses (plural).
5. Keek aa yïk ɣööt = They are building the houses.
6. Yen a yïk ɣööt = He is building the houses.
7. Yen a yïk ɣööt = She is building the houses.

Present Perfect Tense
1. Ɣɛn cï ɣööt yïk = I have built the houses.
2. Yïn cï ɣööt yïk = you have built the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ cï ɣööt yïk = we have built the houses.
4. We cï ɣööt yïk = you have built the houses (plural).
5. Keek aacï ɣööt yïk = they have built the houses.
6. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = He has built the houses.
7. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = She has built the houses.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense
1. Ɣɛn cï ɣööt yïk = I have been building the houses.
2. Yïn cï ɣööt yïk = you have been building the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ cï ɣööt yïk = we have been building the houses.
4. We cï ɣööt yïk = you have been building the houses (plural).
5. Keek aacï ɣööt yïk = they have been building the houses.
6. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = He has been building the houses.
7. Yen acï ɣööt yïk = She has been building the houses.

Simple Future Tense

1. Ɣɛn bï ɣööt yïk = I will build the houses.
2. Yïn bï ɣööt yïk = You will build the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ bï ɣööt yïk = We will build the houses.
4. We bï ɣööt yïk = You will build the houses(plural).
5. Keek aabï ɣööt yïk = They will build the houses.
6. Yen abï ɣööt yïk = He will build the houses.
7. Yen abï ɣööt yïk = She will build the houses.

Future Continuous Tense

1. Ɣɛn bï ɣööt ya yïk = I will be building the houses.
2. Yïn bï ɣööt ya yïk = You will be building the houses (singular.
3. Wɔ bï ɣööt ya yïk = We will be building the houses.
4. We bï ɣööt ya yïk = You will be building the houses(plural).
5. Keek aabï ɣööt ya yïk = They will be building the houses.
6. Yen abï ɣööt ya yïk = He will be building the houses.
7. Yen abï ɣööt ya yïk = She will be building the houses.

 Thuɔŋjäŋ prepositions) Aŋɔi ke Thuɔŋjäŋ.

Aŋɔi aaye wël thii ye keek juak/tääu në kεm ke wël agokï yïïn yiɛ̈n alooŋ piεth/ ŋɔɔc /tuëët. Ka diääŋ ke aŋɔi keek kakë: ke, kee, kek, kë, ake, aake, ka, kaa, aka, ko, ku, kuna, na, aye, kennë, në, de, ë, atɔ̈, agoki, kï, ku jɔl ya agoku. Nyooth de Aŋɔi yennë kë:

1. Acol acï göm miɔɔk ku pol ca buric.

2.Dut ku lual aa tɔŋ kör në dhïn kɔ̈u.

3.Jɔlwɔliec ku Yuuth aa bï diɛ̈r në thök de Pεεi.

4. Rin ke kɔc ku rin ke bɛ̈i aaye keek gɔl në  akeer dїt.

5.Agaany ku Nyaη aa tit Awan, kuna cï Awan bɛ̈n, kaa jɔl lɔ paan Awan.

6.Ayuɛ̈n kennë Thɔn aabï waar në thïïkic miäk.

7.Adut ku Adääu aa bï  ɣɔ̈k raak.

8.Acol ku Aduɔɔt aabï waar në kööl kɛɛny. 

9.Adɔɔt abï woŋ ayoor kennë woŋ ayiɛ̈ɛ̈u raak.

10.Dhuk acï wɛ̈r weer në kaam alɛl kennë abuth në dhïn thok.

Subject: Present continuous tense!
1. Adut a dhim miääu baai = Adut is brewing beer (wine) at home.
2. Adääu a thal ajïth në kundukic = Adau is cooking chicken in the kitchen.
3. Yen a thal ajïth në kundukic = She is cooking chicken in the kitchen.
4. Adut a ruëth ca = Adut is drinking milk.
5. Yen a ruëth ca = She is drinking milk.
6. Anuɛndɛɛr a cuet rïŋ në baai ciɛlic= Anuendeer is eating meat in the courtyard.
7. Yen a cuet rïŋ në baai = He is eating meat in the courtyard.
8. Keek aa ruëth ca wutic = they are drinking in the cattle camp.
9. Päc a com anyol domic =Pach is planting corn on the farm.
10.Yen a dek pïu= she is drinking water.
11. Bol a dek miääu ɣöt = Bol is drinking wine inside the house.
12.Yen a dek miääu ɣöt = He is drinking wine inside the house.
13. Adurɣɔ̈knɔ̈k a cam cuɛɛi ɣöt kɔ̈ɔ̈u = Adurhoknok is eating tamarin in the backyard.
14. Amukanɛ̈i a pur rap domic= Amukanei is cultivating sorghums on the farm.
15.Yen a pur rap domic = He is cultivating sorghums on the farm.
16. Dhuɔ̈ (dhuɔ̈k) aa diɛ̈r tiɔ̈ɔ̈r ë bulic=The boys are dancing in a drum’s field.
17. Keek aa pol në tiɔ̈ɔ̈r ë bulic=They are playing in a drum’s field.
18. Yen a pol në tiɔ̈ɔ̈r ë bulic=He is playing in a drum’s field.
19. Adɔ̈l a diɛ̈r ɣöt kɔ̈ɔ̈u = Adol is dancing in the backyard.
20. Yen a diɛ̈r ɣöt kɔ̈ɔ̈u = she is dancing in the backyard

The Creation of the World: In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth (Gɔ̈c ë gɔɔcë käŋ ëciɛkë Nhialic nhial ku piny).  

1 Gɔ̈c ëgɔɔcë käŋ ëciɛkë Nhialic nhial ku piny. 2 ku cïn Pinynhom käŋ lɛ̈ɛ̈unhom; tɔ̈ cuɔl në pïunhïïm:ku ye Jɔŋdïït de Nhialic tëëk në piäunhon. 3 Go Nhialic jam, yennë ɣɛɛr tɔ̈; go ɣɛɛr tuɔ̈l. 4 Go Nhialic ɣɛɛr ŋëm në piɛth: ku tek ɣɛɛric në cuɔl. 5 ku cɔk Nhialic ɣɛɛr ye Akɔ̈l, ku cɔk cuɔl ye Wɛ̈ɛ̈r. ku thëi ke miäkduur aaye aköl tök.

6 Go Nhialic jam, yennë kaam tɔ̈ në piäuciɛlic, ku në tek pïu. 7 Go Nhialic kaam cak,ku tek pïukɛ̈ në kaam baŋ nhial , ku pïukɛ̈ në kaam baŋ piiny: go tɔ̈ yeya. 8 Ku cɔk Nhialic kaam ye Nhial. Ku thëi ke miäkduur aaye aköl keerou. 9 Go Nhialic jam, yennë piäu tɔ̈ në pinythar në mät në të tök, ku në të ɣer tul: go tɔ̈ yeya, 10 Ku cɔk Nhialic të ɣer ye Piny; ku cɔk män de piäu ye Baar: go Nhialic ŋëm në ye këpiɛth. 11 Go Nhialic jam, Yennë piny cil në noon, ku në wɛl ye luɔk në nyïïn, ku në tiim ye luɔk ka nɔŋ yiic nyïïn, ye luɔk në luɔkden, në Pinynhom: go tɔ̈ yeya.

12 Go piny cil në noon ku në wɛl ye luɔk në nyïïn, ye luɔk në luɔkden ku në tiim ye luɔk në ka nɔŋ yiic nyïïn, ye luɔk në luɔkden. Go Nhialic ŋëm në ye këpiɛth. 13 Ku thëi ke miäduur aaye aköl keediäk. 14 Go Nhialic jam, Yennë kaɣer tɔ̈ në kaam Nhial, bïk akɔ̈l tek ku wɛ̈ɛ̈r; ku në ke tɔ̈ bïk käŋ ya nyuɔɔth, bïk akɔ̈l ya tek ku run. 15 Ku në ke tɔ̈ bïk käŋ meer në kaam nhial bïk ya ruɛɛr në Pinynhom: go tɔ̈ yeya. 16 Go Nhialic kaɣeer dït keerou cak, bï kë ŋuän tɔ̈ akɔ̈l, ku bï kë koor tɔ̈ në wɛ̈ɛ̈r, ku kuel ëya. 17 Go Nhialic ke tääu në kaam nhial, bïk ruɛɛr në Pinynhom, 18 bïk naŋ riɛɛr në akɔ̈l ku wɛ̈ɛ̈r, ku bïk ɣɛɛr tek kennë cuɔl: go Nhialic ŋëm në ye këpiɛth. 19 Ku thëi ke miäkduur aaye aköl keeŋuan. 20 Go Nhialic jam, Yennë piäu Thiäŋ në kapïr, ku në diɛt cath nhial në Pinynhom në kaam nhial.

21 Go Nhialic kagök ke Baar cak, ku kapïr, Kedhia cath në pïu yiic në cit cäŋ ëciɛkë keek,ku diɛt nɔŋ wuɔ̈k në cït cäŋ ëciɛkë keek, go ŋëm në ye këpiɛth.

22 Go Nhialic ke theei, jiɛɛm, Ye we bï mïthkuɔ̈n dhiëëth ke ke juiëc, ku we bï kut, ku thiäŋkɛ̈ piäu de baar, ku në diɛt kuɔ̈t ëya në Pinynhom. 23 Ku thëi ke miäkduur aaye aköl keedhiëc.

24 Go Nhialic jam, Yennë piny dhiëth kapïr në cït cäŋ ëciɛkë keek, yï ɣɔ̈k ku kamol piiny ku läi ke Pinynhom në cït cäŋ ëciɛkë keek: go tɔ̈ yeya. 25 Go Nhialic läi ke Pinynhom cak në cït cäŋ ëciɛkë keek: Go Nhialic ŋëm në ye këpiɛth,

26 Go Nhialic jam, ye cakku raan ke thöŋku röth: ku në nɔŋ riɛɛr në rec bɛɛr, ku diɛt nhial, ku ɣɔ̈k,ku Pinynhom ëbɛ̈n, ku kamol Kedhia në Pinynhom. 27 Go Nhialic raan cak ke thɔ̈ŋ rɔt, ciɛk Nhialic ke ye kɛ̈ɛ̈rëde: yï moc ku tik kekka ke ciɛkke. 28 Go Nhialic ke theei,ku yöökke,  Ye we bï mïthkuɔ̈n  dhiëëth ke ke juiëc, ku we bï kut, ku thiäŋkɛ Pinynhom, ciɛ̈ŋkë në riɛɛrduɔ̈n në Pinynhom ku naŋkë riɛɛr në rec bɛɛr, ku diɛt nhial, ku kapïr Kedhia cath në tiɔpnhom.

29 Go Nhialic jam,Ye ŋɛ̈mkɛ̈, we ca yiɛ̈n wal Kedhia ye luɔk në nyïïn tɔ̈ në Pinynhom ëbɛ̈n, ku tiim Kedhia ye luɔk në k nɔŋ yiic nyïïn, aabï tɔ̈, aabï ya ya mïïthkuɔ̈n: 30 Ku wäl ŋök ëbɛ̈n ee miɛ̈th de läi ke Pinynhom Kedhia, ku diɛt nhial Kedhia, ku kamol Kedhia, në Pinynhom nɔŋ yiic wëi: go tɔ̈ yeya. 31 Go Nhialic ka cïke cak Kedhia ŋëm, ke ke ye kapiɛth arët. Ku thëi ke miäkduur aaye aköl keedhetem.

 

Dinka Vocabulary with its definition, most of the Dinka vocabularies are mostly concerned with culture. There will be more posts in the Dinka language

1.  Ayiɔ̈c ___ (Ayɔ̈c) __ Ee raau cïn ye nyin, raau ye luɔk ke lɔ nyin miicic në miɛ̈ɛ̈lic/nyääcäc.

2. Abaar __ Ee raau cï wäth, ye luɔk ke rac. Ku na kuc looi ke ka poot piny domic ku ber cil miäk ku nhiɛɛc rap. Yen aye jok apiɛth ku leerë në dom nom bë lɔ wäl wei.

3. Ayiɛl___ Ee ayup thiin tɔ̈ në kool de raau yic. Na yuiɛɛuë kool wei të cennë rap kɔ̈ɔ̈m ke kee kɔc kuut cin, gup, nyin. Yen anɔŋ aruäth, ayiɛl aŋul ku ayiɛl abëër.

4. Biök __ Ee bël de raau cï cɔ̈m cam, ke ka jɔl cil ke cï yic ruɔɔc në macäär në lɔŋthïn.

5. Kɔ̈th __ Ee raau ye luɔk apiɛth ku jɔl tɔ̈ɔ̈u ke ye kɔ̈th bennë bɛɛr com miäk të këërë deŋ.

6. Thuk __ Ee raau ye luɔk në rapic ke biäk tök. Na cï raau luɔk ke ye thuk ke këër piɛth aye wäk bei në thukic ku cuɛtë kë ye thuk wei.

7.   Anuaan - anuɛɛn (të juëc kek): e kë dhal raan ka kↄc

8.    Atɔ̈rɔ̈ɔ̈u-aaye ŋeei dït nyïn

9.    Atёtooŋ -aye raap ka anyol cï keek geet ku jɔl kë toŋ.

10.  Atorooŋ -aye tiim cï keek guaŋ ku bennë rooŋ ya töök.

11.  Atolooŋ: ee bë raan rↄt wëŋ ye nɔŋ kë looi ka kë nɛ̈k yen.

12.  Banabek- ee raan adakrↄt

13.  Guɛu _e cïn de kë cïnïc kë dɛ̈.

14.  Bɛɛŋ -acïn kë cï raan yök në kë cï looi yic

 

 Present Simple

Indicates an action that is generally true or habitual. That is, it took place in the past, continue to take place in the present, and will take place in the future. This tense is used to denote

1.   Ɣɛn ye diɛ̈r= I dance

2.   Yïn ye diɛ̈r= You dance (singular)

3.   Wɔ ye diɛ̈r=We dance

4.   We ye diɛ̈r =You dance (singular)

5.   Keek aaye diɛ̈r= They dance

6.   Yen e diɛ̈r = He dances

7.   Yen e diɛ̈r = She dances

Present Continuous Tense-

The form of Present Continuous Tense is- is/am/are + verb + ing

For example, present continuous

1.   Ɣɛn diɛ̈r = I am dancing.

2.   Yïn diɛ̈r = You are dancing (singular).

3.   Wɔ diɛ̈r= we are dancing.

4.   We diɛ̈r= you are dancing (plural).

5.   Keek kaa diɛ̈r = they are dancing.

6.   Yen a diɛ̈r= He is dancing.

7.   Yen a diɛ̈r= She is dancing.

Present perfect

1.   Ɣɛn cï diɛ̈r = I have danced

2.   Yïn cï diɛ̈r= you have danced (singular).

3.   Wɔ cï diɛ̈r= we have danced

4.   We cï diɛ̈r= you have danced (singular).

5.   Keek aacï diɛ̈r= they have danced.

6.   Yen acï diɛ̈r = He has danced.

7.   Yen acï diɛ̈r = She has danced.

Present Simple

Indicates an action that is generally true or habitual. That is, it took place in the past, continue to take place in the present, and will take place in the future. This tense is used to denote

1.   Ɣɛn ye thɛ̈t= I cook

2.   Yïn ye thɛ̈t = You cook (singular)

3.   Wɔ ye thɛ̈t =We cook

4.   We ye thɛ̈t =You cook (singular)

5.   Keek aaye thɛ̈t = They cook

6.   Yen e thɛ̈t = He cooks

7.   Yen e thɛ̈t = She cooks

Present Continuous Tense-

The form of Present Continuous Tense is- is/am/are + verb + ing

For example, present continuous

1.   Ɣɛn thɛ̈t = I am cooking.

2.   Yïn thɛ̈t = You are cooking (singular).

3.   Wɔ thɛ̈t= we are cooking.

4.   We tït = you are cooking (plural).

5.   Keek kaa thɛ̈t = They are cooking.

6.   Yen a thɛ̈t = He is cooking.

7.   Yen a thɛ̈t= She is cooking.

Present perfect

1.   Ɣɛn cï thɛ̈t = I have cooked

2.   Yïn cï thɛ̈t= you have cooked (singular).

3.   Wɔ cï thɛ̈t= We have cooked

4.   We cï thɛ̈t= you have cooked (singular).

5.   Keek aacï thɛ̈t= they have cooked.

6.   Yen acï thɛ̈t = He has cooked.

7.   Yen acï thɛ̈t = She has cooked.

 Helping verbs

Helping verbs are the words like cï, cee bï, cë, bë, cïï, kën, and ee (we have already seen examples of the helping verbs ca, cää cäk, and ba. They are like helping verbs in English like “have” and “will”.

 Let’s take a closer look at these examples

1.    In Ɣɛn cï thɛ̈t Awalwalla = I have cooked Awalwalla.  “Have” is the helping verb and “cooked” is the main verb.

2.    In Ɣɛn bï cam Awalwalla kënnë = I will eat this Awalwalla.  “Will” is the helping verb and “eat” is the main verb.

Here are some more examples of helping verbs in Thuɔŋjäŋ:

1.    Dhuk acë woŋ miit = the boy pulled the cow (simple past tense).

2.    Dhuk abë woŋ miit = the boy will pull the cow.

3.    Ɣɛn cï woŋ miit = I have pulled the cow(present perfect tense)

4.    Yen acï woŋ miit =He has pulled the cow ( present perfect tense)

5.    Weŋ acï miit = the cow has pulled( present perfect tense)

6.    Dhuk acïï woŋ mit = the boy is not pulling the cow.

7.    Dhuk akën woŋ miit = the boy did not pull the cow (Negative past tense).

8.    Ɣɛn ye cam në awalwala eenë në nyindiɛ = I eat awalwala there every day.

9.    Dhuk acï woŋ miit = the boy has pulled the cow.

10.  Dhuk abë woŋ miit = the boy will pull the cow.

11.  Woŋ acë miit = the cow was pulled.

12.  Woŋ acï miit = the cow was pulled.

13.  Woŋ acï miit = the cow has pulled.

14.  Woŋ acï miit ke aŋu kën guɔ cop = the cow had pulled before the hyena arrived(Past perfect tense)

15.  Dhuk acïï woŋ mit = the boy is not pulling the cow (Negative present tense).

16.  Moc acïi dom pur në tɔŋpiiny = the man is not cultivating the farm with peanut butter (Negative Present tense).

17.  Dhuk akën woŋ miit = the boy did not pull the cow.

18.  Ɣɛn ye cam eenë në nyindiɛ = I eat there every day (simple present tense).

Common Verbs in the Simple Present
Infinitive

To ask

1. Ɣɛn ye thïc = I ask
2. Yïn ye thïc = You ask (singular)
3. Wɔ ye thïc = We ask
4. We ye thïc = You ask(plural)
5. Keek aaye thïc = They ask
6. Yen e thïc = He asks
7. Yen e thïc = She asks
8. Yen e thiëc = It asks

Negative to ask
1. Ɣɛn cee thïc = I do not ask
2. Yïn cee thïc = You do not ask(singular)
3. Wɔ cee thïc = We do not ask
4. We cee luui = you do not work(plural)
5. Keek aacee thïc = They do not ask
6. Yen acee thïc = He does not ask
7. Yen acee thïc = She does not ask
8. Yen acee thïc = It does not ask

To work
1. Ɣɛn ye luui = I work
2. Yïn ye luui = You work(singular)
3. Wɔ ye luui = We work
4. We ye luui = you work(plural)
5. Keek aaye luui = They work
6. Yen e luui = He works
7. Yen e luui = She works
8. Yen e luui = It works

Negative: to work
1. Ɣɛn cee luui = I do not work
2. Yïn cee luui = You do not work(singular)
3. Wɔ cee luui = We do not work
4. We cee luui = You do not work(plural)
5. Keek aacee luui = They do not work
6. Yen acee luui = He does not work
7. Yen acee luui = She does not work
8. Yen acee luui = It does not work

To call
1. Ɣɛn ye cööt = I call
2. Yïn ye cööt = You call(singular)
3. Wɔ ye cööt = We call
4. We ye cööt = you call(plural)
5. Keek aaye cööt = They call
6. Yen e cööt = He calls
7. Yen e cööt = She calls
8. Yen e cööt = It calls

Negative to call
1. Ɣɛn cee cööt = I do not call
2. Yïn cee cööt = You do not call(singular)
3. Wɔ cee cööt = We do not call
4. We cee cööt = you do not
5. Keek aacee cööt = They do not call
6. Yen acee cööt = He does not call
7. Yen acee cööt = She does not call
8. Yen acee cööt = It does not call

Some Dinka Vocabulary list
1.Muɔ̈kwei = Abstain
2.Luŋëyɔu= breastplate
3.Aräm = favored one
4.Yɔŋ = mistreated
5.Ŋet= presecuition.
6.Piɔ̈nlɔpäk = languish
7.Guŋ = stoop
8.Guŋ piny = stoop down
9.Luɔ̈ŋyic = Justice
10.nomdiaŋ = troubled
11.Cïn man en cen wɔ lɔc = Just as he chose us.
12. Kennë = with
13.Kennë ɣa= with me
14.Kennë yïn/yï = with you (singular)
15.Kennë wuɔɔk/wɔ = with us
16 Kennë we/week = with you (piural)
17. Kennë ke/kek = with them
18. Kennë yen/ye = with him
19. Kennë yen/ye = with her
20. Kënnë = this
21. Këtï = that
22. Kakuï = those
23. Jam = talk
24. Jääm = talked
25. Cïï = which/has been
26. Cï guëër = had gathered
27. Dai/dac dhiɛɛl = must soon
28. Këcïkum = mystery
29. Kacïkum = mysteries
30. Duɔ̈tëpiɔu = Encouraged
31. Duɔ̈tëpiɔu = Encouragement
32. Duutpiɔ̈u = Encouraged/comforted
33. Diäärjɔɔk = widows
34. Tiɛŋjɔɔk = widow
35. Diääk = few
36. Cuɔɔr = eagle
37. Biänabuur thiɛ̈rnyiɛɛny ku thiɛ̈rrŋuan ku ŋuan = 144,000
38.Week = separate
39. Acït man cennë ye gɔ̈ɔ̈r = as it is written:
40. Go bɛɛr = Once again
41. Cɔk = hungry
42. Adhuɔ̈m = pit
43. Jɔŋ rac = impure spirit
44. Mëtëk = arbiter
45. Luɔk = yielded
46. Guuk = barns
47. Guk = barn
48. Ŋeeny/ŋɛɛny = boldly
49.Yen a ŋɛɛny = He is boldly
50. Acie yen = not at all
51. Nhiɛ̈nyabiɛi/dhïïm= winepress
52. Yen ee të cï ɣaac = It could have been sold
53. Ye kee töŋ de = It is one of the
54. Cök/yiɛ̈n = may
55. Në aköl ciɛ̈ɛ̈n = in the last days
56. Në aköl kɛ̈ = in those days
57. Gokï lɔ ɣɔu dhöl = they departed
58. Gokï lɔɣɔudhöl = they departed
59. Goku lɔɣɔudhöl = then we departed
60. Bänydït ke ka ke Nhialic = the chief priests
61. Dugɛ̈ɛ̈r ke kɔc = scribes of the people
62. Këgɛ̈ië = wonder
63. Kagɛ̈ike= wonders
64. Kutol/Tuɔ̈lrur/amaar ë tol = billows of smoke
65. Kukuarda = Patriarch
66. Buï = Mocking
67. Buï = mocked
68. Yen acï buï = he has mocked
69. Kën = did not
70.Ɣɛn kën = I did not
71. Keek aakën = they did not
72. Yen akën = he did not
73. Kennë = to the
74. Ëtök = togather
75. Nëtök =togather
76. Baar = sea
77.Yekoba Ducɛ̈ŋ rir = Sovereign Lord
78. Go = so, and, then, when, because,
79. Ɣɔn = when
80. Na ɣɔn = once when
81. Na cï = when
82. Ku na = and if
83. guɔ = yet
84.Ya = being
85. Cï man cen = as he
86. Cïman cen = as he/she
87. Kuɔ̈ɔ̈t/tuɔ̈ɔ̈m/ määt = Heap: Put (objects or a loose substance) in a heap.
88.Yen acë tiim kuɔ̈ɔ̈t në mac = She heaped logs on the fire
89. Korekoot = fat calves
90. Pïŋ = listening
91. Piŋ = listened
92. Piŋ = listen
93. If any = na ye
94. Human things = kake kɔc
95. we y yɔ̈ɔ̈k nëyic = Truly I tell you
96. kake Nhialic = Divine things
97. kɔcpööicëke = Disciples
98. Raanpiööcë = Disciple
99. Kɔ̈th = Stumbling
100. Dugɛ̈ɛ̈r = Scribe
101.Wɛ̈i, waai, = Rebuke
102.Diɛ̈ɛ̈u/mutaham = Suspect